I should be doing other things but ………
I have an AI summary somewhere (below)
4 ) 5:15 Boris johnson (during covid) and other MPs (at other times) refer to the UK constitution. Many think the UK does not have a constitution. Find the truth about whether there is any constitution in the UK
Short answer first: Yes — the UK does have a constitution, but it is uncodified (not gathered in a single supreme document). It’s made up of statutes, judicial decisions, conventions, treaties and authoritative works rather than one “written constitution” like the U.S. one. (Parliament News)
Below is a clear, sourced explanation you can use to settle the dispute.
1) What people usually mean by “no constitution”
When people say “the UK has no constitution” they usually mean there is no single, entrenched constitutional text (a single document with higher legal status that is hard to change). That is correct: the UK has never codified all constitutional rules into one written constitution. (Wikipedia)
2) What is the UK constitution?
The UK constitution is the set of rules and principles that organise the state — but those rules are dispersed across several kinds of sources:
- Statute law (Acts of Parliament that have constitutional importance — e.g. Magna Carta (historical), Bill of Rights 1689, Acts of Union, Parliament Acts, Human Rights Act 1998, Constitutional Reform Act 2005, etc.). (Seneca Learning)
- Common law / judicial decisions (case law that defines rights and limits on power). (Seneca Learning)
- Constitutional conventions (unwritten practices that political actors follow — e.g., the Prime Minister must have the confidence of the House of Commons — these are not enforced by courts in the same way as statutes). (King’s Blogs)
- Authoritative works / manuals (e.g., Erskine May on parliamentary practice; A. V. Dicey’s writings are historically influential). (Seneca Learning)
- Treaties and international obligations (historically EU law was important; treaties and international law also shape some constitutional arrangements). (Seneca Learning)
So: although there is not “one Constitution document”, there is a constitution in the practical/legal sense — a system of rules and practices. (Parliament News)
3) How the courts and Parliament put it (authoritative confirmation)
The UK Supreme Court in the 2019 prorogation case (R (Miller) v The Prime Minister / Cherry) explicitly said:
“Although the United Kingdom does not have a single document entitled ‘The Constitution’, it nevertheless possesses a Constitution, established over the course of our history by common law, statutes, conventions and practice.” (Supreme Court)
Parliamentary briefing and the National Archives give the same practical description: the constitution exists but is uncodified — i.e. spread across documents and customs. (Parliament News)
4) Key practical consequences of being uncodified
- Flexibility: Parliament is legally sovereign and can change constitutional law by ordinary statute (no special amendment formula). That makes the system adaptable. (Parliament News)
- Uncertainty & contest: Because rules are dispersed and rely on conventions and judicial interpretation, debates about constitutional limits (e.g., prorogation, prerogative powers, scope of sovereignty) are common and sometimes heated. The 2019 case is a recent example. (House of Commons Library)
- Ongoing discussion about codification: There is active academic and political debate about whether the UK should adopt a single written constitution (the Commons Library and constitution experts publish regularly on this). (House of Commons Library)
5) Short checklist: is the UK constitution “real”?
- Is it legally operative? Yes. (Statutes and case law are binding.) (Seneca Learning)
- Is it written down somewhere in a single place? No. It’s dispersed across different written and unwritten sources. (Wikipedia)
- Do courts treat it like a constitution? Yes — courts recognise constitutional principles and will interpret statutes and review executive actions in light of them. The Supreme Court’s 2019 ruling is a clear example. (Supreme Court)
Further reading (short)
- Parliament glossary & explainer: “Constitution” — Parliament.uk. (Parliament News)
- National Archives explainer: “The British Constitution”. (The National Archives)
- Supreme Court judgment (Miller/Cherry 2019) — PDF of judgment. (Supreme Court)
- UCL Constitution Unit explainer on the UK constitution. (University College London)
Bottom line (one sentence)
The UK does have a constitution — but it is uncodified: a living set of statutes, case law, conventions and authoritative practices rather than one single, entrenched written document. (Parliament News)
If you want, I can:
- pull together a timeline of the UK’s most important constitutional statutes (Magna Carta → Bill of Rights → Acts of Union → Parliament Acts → Human Rights Act → Constitutional Reform Act → recent changes), or
- summarize the legal status of conventions vs statutes with concrete examples (e.g., prorogation, royal assent, ministerial responsibility). Which would help you more?
5:20 pull together a timeline of the UK’s most important constitutional statutes
Timeline — the UK’s most important constitutional statutes (concise)
Below is a chronological timeline of the key statutes and statutory events that together form the backbone of the UK’s uncodified constitution. Each entry has a short one-line explanation of its constitutional importance.
1215 — Magna Carta
Foundation medieval charter limiting the King’s arbitrary power; symbolic and a source for later constitutional principles (rule of law, due process).
1258 — Provisions of Oxford
Early assertion of baronial rights and proto-parliamentary controls on royal power (important historically for parliamentary evolution).
1689 — Bill of Rights 1689
Established important limits on the monarch (e.g., free elections, parliamentary supremacy over standing armies, prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment); foundational constitutional statute.
1679 — Habeas Corpus Act 1679
Statutory protection against unlawful detention (the writ of habeas corpus) — central to personal liberty.
1701 — Act of Settlement 1701
Rules on succession to the Crown, independence of the judiciary and ineligibility of foreign monarchs; shaped modern monarchy and judicial security of tenure.
1707 — Acts of Union (England & Scotland)
United the Parliaments of England and Scotland into the Parliament of Great Britain (constitutional union).
1800/1801 — Acts of Union (Great Britain & Ireland)
United Great Britain with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (effective 1 Jan 1801).
1832 — Reform Act 1832 (Great Reform Act)
Major reform of parliamentary representation and extension of the franchise — a key step in parliamentary democracy.
1911 — Parliament Act 1911
Significantly reduced the House of Lords’ power to block money bills and limited their delaying power for other public bills — strengthened Commons supremacy.
1918 — Representation of the People Act 1918
Greatly expanded the franchise (men over 21; some women over 30) — foundational for mass electoral democracy.
1928 — Representation of the People Act 1928
Equalised voting age for men and women (both 21), completing universal adult suffrage in that era.
1949 — Parliament Act 1949
Further limited the Lords’ delaying power (reduced delay period from three years to one), consolidating Commons sovereignty.
1969 — Representation of the People Act 1969
Lowered voting age from 21 to 18.
1972 — European Communities Act 1972
Gave effect to EU (then EEC) law in UK domestic law — a major constitutional accommodation of supranational law (later repealed on exit). (See 2018/2020 entries below.)
1998 — Human Rights Act 1998
Incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into UK law (so UK courts can hear ECHR-type claims domestically and issue “declarations of incompatibility”). A major constitutional statute protecting fundamental rights.
1998 — Scotland Act 1998; Government of Wales Act 1998; Northern Ireland Act 1998
Devolution statutes creating the Scottish Parliament, Welsh Assembly (later Senedd) and Northern Ireland Assembly — transformed UK constitutional structure by devolving powers to component nations.
2000 — Freedom of Information Act 2000
Created statutory rights of access to official information — important for democratic accountability.
2005 — Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Major changes to judicial and constitutional architecture: established the Supreme Court (separating judicial functions from the House of Lords) and reformed the office of Lord Chancellor among other reforms.
2009 — Supreme Court opens (consequence of 2005 Act)
The UK Supreme Court began work (1 Oct 2009), formalising the separation of the highest court from Parliament.
2010 — Constitutional Reform and Governance Act 2010
Placed aspects of the civil service on a statutory footing and introduced statutory procedures on treaty ratification and parliamentary scrutiny of treaties — procedural constitutional reforms.
2011 — Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011
Set statutory fixed parliamentary terms and a mechanism for early dissolution (reduced PM discretion over election timing). (Note: repealed in 2022 — see below.)
2018 — European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
Provided for the repeal of the European Communities Act 1972 and conversion of EU law into domestic law on exit day (a central constitutional statute in the Brexit process).
2020 — Repeal of the European Communities Act (effectively 31 Jan 2020)
EU law supremacy ended on the UK’s exit day; the domestic framework for retained EU law flowed from the 2018 Act.
2022 — Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
Repealed the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 and restored the Crown (on ministerial advice) and Prime Minister greater flexibility to request dissolutions — returned aspects of prerogative practice.
How to read this timeline
- These statutes are not exhaustive, but they are the most direct examples of law that shape constitutional rules and practices.
- Some constitutional change occurs through case law (courts interpreting statutes or executive acts) and through unwritten conventions (practices not legally enforced but politically binding). The statutes above interact with those other sources.
- Recent constitutional change (e.g., Brexit, devolution, judicial reform) is mostly statutory — showing how flexible an uncodified constitution can be.
If you’d like, I can:
- Expand this into a dated timeline with links to official texts and short quotations from each statute, or
- Produce a visual timeline (PNG/PDF) you can embed in a presentation, or
- Create a legal-source map showing which constitutional principles derive from which statute vs convention vs case law.
Which would you like next?
5:23 Expand this into a dated timeline with links to official texts and short quotations from each statute
Dated timeline — key UK constitutional statutes (expanded, with links and short quotations)
Below is an expanded, dated timeline of the UK’s most important constitutional statutes. Each item includes (a) the date, (b) title with an official link, (c) a one-line note on constitutional significance, and (d) a short quotation (≤25 words) drawn from the official source. I’ve cited the official pages below each entry so you can open the primary text.
1215 — Magna Carta (Great Charter)
Significance: Early charter limiting royal power; foundation for later common-law constitutional principles (rule of law, due process).
Quote: “the king and his government was not above the law.”. (Parliament News)
Official background: National Archives / Parliament summaries. (The National Archives)
1679 — Habeas Corpus Act 1679
Significance: Statutory protection against arbitrary detention — central to personal liberty and procedure for unlawful imprisonment.
Quote: “An Act for the better secureing the Liberty of the Subject.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1689 — Bill of Rights 1689
Significance: Limits on the monarch; establishes key parliamentary and civil rights (e.g., no suspension of laws without Parliament).
Quote: “An Act declaring the Rights and Liberties of the Subject.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text / overview: legislation.gov.uk and Parliamentary archives. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1701 — Act of Settlement 1701
Significance: Regulated succession to the Crown and strengthened judicial independence — important limits on the monarchy.
Quote: “for the further Limitation of the Crown and better securing the Rights and Liberties of the Subject.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Overview / text: Parliament / legislation.gov.uk. (Parliament News)
1707 — Acts of Union (England & Scotland)
Significance: United England and Scotland into the Kingdom of Great Britain; created a single Parliament at Westminster.
Quote: “Act Ratifying and Approving the Treaty of Union of the Two Kingdoms.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk / historical sources. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1800/1801 — Acts of Union (Great Britain & Ireland)
Significance: United Great Britain and Ireland into the United Kingdom (effective 1 Jan 1801).
Quote: “be united into one kingdom.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1832 — Reform Act 1832 (Great Reform Act)
Significance: Major reform of parliamentary representation and the electoral system — a foundational step toward modern representative democracy.
Quote: “major reform of parliamentary representation.” (Parliamentary history summary). (Parliament News)
Background: Parliament.uk overview. (Parliament News)
1911 — Parliament Act 1911
Significance: Reduced the power of the House of Lords to block legislation and limited their delaying power — strengthened House of Commons supremacy.
Quote: “make provision with respect to the powers of the House of Lords.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1918 — Representation of the People Act 1918
Significance: Greatly expanded the franchise (all men over 21; some women over 30) — a seismic change in electoral democracy.
Quote: “gave the vote to all men over the age of 21.” (Parliament summary). (Parliament News)
Text: legislation.gov.uk / Parliament. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1928 — Representation of the People (Equal Franchise) Act 1928
Significance: Equalised the franchise — women given the vote on the same terms as men (age 21).
Quote: “gave the vote to all women over 21 years old.” (Parliament summary). (Parliament News)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1949 — Parliament Act 1949
Significance: Further curtailed the Lords’ delaying power (reduced maximum delay) and consolidated Commons primacy.
Quote: “further reduced the Lords’ delaying powers to one year.” (Parliament overview). (Parliament News)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1969 — Representation of the People Act 1969
Significance: Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 — modernised the electorate.
Quote: “lowered the voting age to 18 years.” (act summary). (Wikipedia)
Text / commencement instruments: legislation.gov.uk / Hansard. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1972 — European Communities Act 1972
Significance: Gave effect to EC/EU law in UK domestic law — a major constitutional accommodation of supranational law (repealed on exit).
Quote: “general implementation of Treaties … all such rights, powers… created by the Treaties.” (Act wording). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1998 — Human Rights Act 1998
Significance: Incorporated the European Convention on Human Rights into domestic law so UK courts can adjudicate Convention rights.
Quote: “to give further effect to rights and freedoms guaranteed under the European Convention on Human Rights.”. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
1998 — Scotland Act 1998 (and related devolution Acts)
Significance: Created the Scottish Parliament (and devolved institutions for Wales and Northern Ireland), reshaping the UK’s constitutional structure.
Quote: “establishment of a Scottish Parliament and Administration.” (Act long title). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2000 — Freedom of Information Act 2000
Significance: Created statutory rights of access to information held by public authorities — a constitutional transparency measure.
Quote: “general right of access to information held by public authorities.” (s.1 summary). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2005 — Constitutional Reform Act 2005
Significance: Reformed the office of Lord Chancellor and established the Supreme Court, formalising separation between judiciary and legislature.
Quote: “to establish a Supreme Court.” (Act long title / introduction). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2009 — UK Supreme Court begins (consequence of 2005 Act)
Significance: The Supreme Court started work on 1 Oct 2009, removing the judicial role from the House of Lords — important constitutional separation.
Official background / Act explanatory notes. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2011 — Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 (now repealed)
Significance: Temporarily set fixed five-year parliamentary terms and altered dissolution mechanics (repealed in 2022).
Quote: “make provision about the dissolution of Parliament.” (Act long title). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2018 — European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
Significance: Repealed the European Communities Act 1972 and converted EU law into “retained EU law” on exit day — central to Brexit’s domestic effect.
Quote: “An Act to repeal the European Communities Act 1972.” (Long title / contents). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk. (Legislation.gov.uk)
2022 — Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
Significance: Repealed the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 and restored the prerogative power to dissolve Parliament on the Prime Minister’s request.
Quote: “repeals the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011” (long title / summary). (Legislation.gov.uk)
Text: legislation.gov.uk / Bill pages. (Legislation.gov.uk)
Notes on sources & next steps
- All quoted links are to official sources (mostly legislation.gov.uk) or authoritative parliamentary / national archives pages; citations are shown inline. (Legislation.gov.uk)
- The UK constitution is uncodified: many constitutional rules also arise from conventions and case law (e.g., Miller/Cherry prorogation cases), which are not captured by statutes alone. If you want, I can:
- produce a visual timeline (PNG/PDF) containing these entries and links; or
- add short direct links to the PDF/plain text for each Act (ready to click and download); or
- expand the timeline to include key constitutional cases and conventions (e.g., Miller (2017 & 2019), parliamentary conventions on Royal Assent, ministerial responsibility).
Which of those would you like next?
5:30 gemini (GPT exhausted 😊)
do UK citizens have the right to remove a tyrannical government as US citizens do. What would be required to remove a tyrannical UK government without a full revolution
🇬🇧 The UK constitution does not contain an explicit “right of revolution” for its citizens in the same way the US Declaration of Independence refers to a right and duty to alter or abolish a destructive government.
Instead of a specific right to overthrow the government, the UK constitution relies on democratic and legal mechanisms—underpinned by the principle of the Rule of Law and Parliamentary Sovereignty—to prevent and check against tyranny. The UK system evolved through historical events, such as the Glorious Revolution of 1688, where the concept of the right to revolution (as discussed by thinkers like John Locke) was instrumental in establishing the supremacy of Parliament and limiting the power of the monarch.
🏛️ Constitutional Mechanisms to Remove a UK Government
The British system is a parliamentary democracy. Unlike the US system, which has a fixed term and impeachment for a president, the UK government’s primary mechanism for removal is based on its ability to command the confidence of the House of Commons.
To remove a UK government (or Prime Minister) without a full revolution, the following legal and conventional mechanisms are required:
1. Vote of No Confidence (in the House of Commons)
This is the most direct constitutional route to remove a government.
- Process: The Official Opposition can table a Motion of No Confidence in His Majesty’s Government in the House of Commons.
- Effect: If this motion is passed by a simple majority of MPs, the government must, by convention, either resign or advise the King to dissolve Parliament and call a general election. The government is expected to resign if it is unable to command the confidence of the House.
2. General Election
Losing a general election is the fundamental democratic mechanism for removing a government.
- Called by Parliament: Under the Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022, the King dissolves Parliament at the request of the Prime Minister, allowing a general election to be held. The Prime Minister is expected to call one when the current five-year term is approaching its end or after a successful motion of no confidence.
- Result: If the incumbent party loses the election and another party/coalition secures a working majority, the government is replaced.
3. Internal Party Mechanism (The Most Common Modern Route)
In recent UK political history, the fastest and most common way a Prime Minister has been removed is by losing the confidence of their own party’s Members of Parliament (MPs).
- Process: The Prime Minister’s own party can initiate a leadership challenge (a vote of no confidence in their leader) under their internal party rules.
- Effect: If the Prime Minister loses the vote, they are forced to resign as party leader, and a new leader (who becomes the new Prime Minister without a general election) is chosen from within the party.
4. Defeat on a “Matter of Confidence”
A government can designate a key piece of legislation (like the King’s Speech or the Budget) as a “matter of confidence.”
- Effect: A defeat on such a vote suggests the government can no longer govern effectively, and it would usually be compelled to resign or call a general election.
5. Royal Prerogative (The Last Resort)
The King has certain reserve powers, although they are almost entirely governed by constitutional convention to be exercised only on the advice of the Prime Minister.
- Theoretical Power: In a truly exceptional constitutional crisis, such as a Prime Minister losing a confidence vote and refusing to resign or call an election, the King could theoretically exercise a reserve power to dismiss the Prime Minister.
- Convention: This power is extremely rare and controversial, and the monarch’s role is to follow the least politically controversial course of action. Its existence is a final, theoretical check against unconstitutional rule.
🇺🇸 Comparison with US Citizens’ Rights
The difference largely stems from the legal nature of the founding documents and constitutional principles:
| Feature | United Kingdom (Uncodified Constitution) | United States (Codified Constitution) |
| Right to Remove | No explicit legal “right of revolution.” Protection against tyranny is secured through the Rule of Law, Parliamentary Sovereignty, and democratic mechanisms. | Explicit “right/duty” to alter or abolish government, mentioned in the Declaration of Independence. |
| Foundation | Rule of Law: All persons, including the government, are subject to and accountable under the law. Historically rooted in documents like Magna Carta (1215). | Social Contract/Natural Rights: The power of government is derived from the consent of the governed. |
| Mechanism | Parliamentary mechanisms (e.g., No Confidence Vote, General Elections, internal party challenges) are the legal and conventional routes for removal. | Electoral processes (regular elections) and impeachment are the formal methods. The right to revolution is a foundational political philosophy, not a statutory legal procedure. |
The British system is designed so that the constitutional processes themselves—the constant need for the executive (government) to retain the confidence of the legislature (Parliament)—are the non-violent replacement for the ancient “right of rebellion.”
Would you like a more detailed explanation of a UK Vote of No Confidence and how it functions?
Yes
🇬🇧 A UK Vote of No Confidence: Detailed Explanation and Function
A Vote of No Confidence is a crucial, high-stakes constitutional mechanism in the United Kingdom’s parliamentary democracy.1 Its function is to test whether the government continues to command the support of the House of Commons, which is the foundational principle for any government to hold office.2
1. The Core Principle: Confidence of the Commons
The fundamental principle of the UK’s uncodified constitution is that the Government must retain the confidence (support) of the House of Commons.3
- What it means: The government holds office solely by virtue of its ability to command a majority on key matters in the House of Commons (the elected chamber of Parliament).4
- The stakes: If a government clearly loses the confidence of the House, it is expected, by constitutional convention, to either resign or seek a dissolution of Parliament to trigger a general election.5
2. Types of Confidence Motions
Confidence can be tested in three main ways, ranging from explicit votes to implicit defeats on major legislation:6
| Type of Motion | Initiator | Description |
| Explicit Motion of No Confidence | Usually the Official Opposition (Leader of the Opposition) | This is a motion that explicitly states, for example, “That this House has no confidence in His Majesty’s Government.” By convention, the Government is obliged to provide time for a debate and vote on a motion of no confidence tabled by the Official Opposition. |
| Explicit Motion of Confidence | The Government itself | A government, particularly one facing internal division or a shaky majority, may call a confidence motion in itself to proactively demonstrate that it retains the support of the House. |
| Implicit Vote of No Confidence | N/A | A defeat on a major piece of government business is often seen as a de facto loss of confidence. Examples include: the Budget or the King’s Speech (which outlines the government’s legislative agenda). While not guaranteed to trigger a resignation/election on their own, they often precipitate an explicit confidence vote. |
3. The Procedure and Effect of a Successful No Confidence Vote
The formal procedure and its effect have been largely governed by constitutional convention, though they were codified briefly under the now-repealed Fixed-term Parliaments Act (FTPA) 2011.7
Current Position (Post-2022 Repeal of the FTPA)
With the repeal of the FTPA in 2022, the procedure largely reverts to constitutional convention, although the path is clear:8
- Motion is Tabled and Voted On: The Official Opposition tables an explicit motion of no confidence.9
- Passage: For the motion to pass, a simple majority of the MPs voting must vote in favour of ‘No Confidence’ (i.e., vote against the government).
- Constitutional Effect: If the government is defeated on an explicit vote of no confidence, the Prime Minister is expected to do one of two things:10
- Resign: Allowing the Monarch to appoint a new Prime Minister who can command the confidence of the House from the existing Parliament.
- Request a Dissolution: Ask the Monarch to dissolve Parliament, which triggers a General Election.11
The Fixed-term Parliaments Act (FTPA) Interlude (2011-2022)
The FTPA temporarily imposed a strict statutory process that is important for historical context:
- If a motion of no confidence was passed in the specific form, a 14-day countdown would begin.12
- Within those 14 days, Parliament could pass a motion of confidence in either the existing government or an alternative government.13
- If no government could win a confidence motion within 14 days, a General Election was automatically triggered.14
Crucially, this 14-day period and statutory trigger mechanism is now defunct.15 The current effect of a lost no-confidence vote relies on the established constitutional conventions: the government either steps down or calls a General Election.16
4. Why are Votes of No Confidence Rare?
While motions of no confidence are a powerful tool, a successful one is extremely rare.17 The last successful motion against a UK Government occurred on 28 March 1979, when James Callaghan’s Labour government was defeated by a single vote.18
- Party Loyalty: In the UK’s majoritarian system, governments typically command a majority, and their MPs are generally unwilling to vote against their own government, as it risks triggering an election that could see them lose their seat or their party lose power.19
- Political Risk: The Opposition calling a motion of no confidence risks political humiliation if the government wins, which validates the government’s position.
- Unifying Effect: A no-confidence vote can force a divided ruling party to unite, as the alternative (losing power) is a greater deterrent.20
Would you like to know more about the different constitutional conventions that govern the relationship between the UK Government and Parliament?